Meningitis powerpoint 2009 warren hills regional school. Doctor answers on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more. In the absence of a lumbar puncture, viral and bacterial meningitis cannot be. Meningitis is an infection of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is self limiting and those infected respond to rest, fluids and possibly some anti. Viral meningitis is also available in portable document format pdf, 15kb, 2pg. Hsv1 typically causes encephalitis rather than meningitis. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. It is an uncommon disease but requires urgent treatment with antibiotics to prevent permanent damage or death. Rest, hydration, antipyretics, and pain or antiinflammatory medications may be given as needed. In general, there are no medications to fight the germs that cause viral meningitis, so treatment is usually aimed at easing the symptoms. Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the protective membrane around the brain and spinal cord.
Naegleria fowleri is a freeliving ameba a singlecelled living organism that is too small to be seen without a microscope. Treatment of viral meningitis no specific treatment patient recovery time usually within 2 weeks antibiotics do not help viral infections recommendations from doctors. It results in inflammation of the meninges the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Viral meningitis antibiotics cant treat viral meningitis and, in most cases, the infection goes away on its own with time. Medical management of viral meningitis consists of supportive treatment and there is.
Prevention of the spread of viral meningitis includes frequent hand washing and covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis. It is caused by virus, bacteria, as well as other microorganisms. Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord that can be caused by several different types of, as well as viruses and fungibacteria. They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated. In the past 1015 years, viral meningitis has been recognised increasingly, and can be a substantial cause of morbidity. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and can be caused by many different viruses. But, bacterial meningitis infections are very serious. Untreated, bacterial meningitis is almost always fatal. Bacterial meningitis requires close monitoring in the hospital.
Rare causes of viral meningitis include influenza, parainfluenza, rotavirus, vaccinia, and encephalomyocarditis virus. Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges associated with. Diseases which can cause viral meningitis or encephalitis include mumps, measles and polio. The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections. Viral meningitis is seen most often in children and young adults, but anyone can get viral meningitis. Viral meningitis is caused by viruses found in saliva, blood, nose drainage, and bowel movements. Rapid onset and progression of symptoms over hours is typical and can. Over a similar time period molecular diagnostics have increasingly been used.
Viral meningitis, in contrast, tends to resolve spontaneously and is rarely fatal. Viral meningitis can also be a complication of mumps. Viral meningitis, also known as aseptic meningitis, is a type of meningitis due to a viral infection. Most people with viral meningitis recover on their own within 710 days. With treatment, mortality risk of death from bacterial meningitis depends on the age of the person and the underlying cause. Dec 15, 2010 acute meningitis is a medical emergency with a potential for high morbidity and mortality. Meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. This article highlights the viral meningitis symptoms and treatment.
Viral meningitis is an infection of the meninges a thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord by any one of a number of different viruses. The virus is spread from an infected person to another through coughing, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in uk adults. Viral meningitis symptoms and treatment health hearty. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis pam is a rare brain infection that is usually fatal and caused by naegleria fowleri. You may also get a type of viral meningitis if you are bitten by a mosquito that carries the west nile virus. Although anyone can get fungal meningitis, people at higher risk are those who have aids, leukemia, or other forms of immunodeficiency. Symptoms commonly include headache, fever, sensitivity to light and neck stiffness. Viral meningitis is inflammation of the leptomeninges as a manifestation of central nervous system cns infection. It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own without treatment. Viruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. Some of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis include neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus.
Your child may also get a type of viral meningitis if he is bitten by a mosquito that carries the west nile virus. Viral, or aseptic, meningitis is usually caused by enterovirusescommon viruses that enter the body through the mouth and travel to the brain and surrounding tissues where they multiply. Viral meningitis fact sheet what is viral meningitis. Meningitis in both forms is contagious, but not as easily contracted as the common cold or flu. Meningitis is an infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis 186 early phases of viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis, the symptoms are almost similar carbonnelle, 2009. Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in uk. Fungal meningitis is rare, but can be life threatening. Viral meningitis may be suspected on the basis of epidemiologic data, clinical features, and initial cerebrospinal csf studies, but clinical features cannot reliably differentiate viral from bacterial meningitis. Viral meningitis oxford academic oxford university press. Most cases of recurrent viral meningitis are caused by hsv2. Viral meningitis frequently asked questions what is viral meningitis.
These infections usually get better without treatment. Viral meningitis national library of medicine pubmed. Viral meningitis is caused by viruses found in sputum spit, blood, nose drainage, and bowel movements. Viral meningitis is usually much less severe than other types.
Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges the covering of the brain and spinal cord caused by infection with a virus. Parent handout on meningitis viral meningitis viral meningitis does not produce severe or potentially dangerous symptoms. Most cases in the united states are caused by nonpolio enteroviruses. However, anyone with symptoms of meningitis should see a doctor right away because some types of meningitis can be. Physicians often recommend rest, plenty of fluids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs to relieve fever and headache. Since the widespread introduction of conjugate vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b in 1992, neisseria meningitidis serogroup c in 1999, and streptococcus pneumoniae in 2002, the incidence of communityacquired bacterial meningitis has been declining. Antiinflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, may be considered under specific circumstances.
Table 1 lists the causes of viral meningitis by frequency. Viral meningitis is usually less serious than meningitis that is caused by bacteria or fungi. Viral meningitis is rarely serious, although symptoms may be severe. Viral names the causative agent, and the term meningitis implies lack of parenchymal and spinal cord involvement otherwise called encephalitis and. Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections. This includes rest, fluids, and feverreducing medicine. Viral meningitis can also be a complication of mumps, chickenpox, or other viral diseases. However, guidelines differ as to which clinical features constitute an. Thus, aseptic meningitis can include meningitis caused by drugs, disorders that are not infections, or other organisms such as the bacteria that cause lyme. Antimicrobial therapy has great impacts on neurological complications and survival rate. Viral meningitis nonbacterial meningitis fact sheet. The early symptoms of pam are similar to other more common illnesses, such as bacterial or viral meningitis. Feb 03, 2020 viral meningitis is caused by viruses found in sputum spit, blood, nose drainage, and bowel movements. Bacterial meningitis is life threatening, and must be distinguished from the more common aseptic viral.
It is estimated that viral encephalitis occurs at a rate of 1. Since the widespread introduction of conjugate vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b in 1992, neisseria meningitidis serogroup c in 1999, and streptococcus pneumoniae in 2002, the incidence of communityacquired bacterial meningitis. Viral diagnosis informs prognosis, enhances care of the patient, reduces the use of. Treatment for viral meningitis is mostly supportive. Pam is difficult to diagnose because of the rarity of the infection and the nonspecific early symptoms. Although studies have shown that ribavirin, a drug used to treat several other viral diseases, is effective against lcmv. Most at risk are those in the same household, those in direct contact with the infected. Jan 05, 2008 viral meningitis is a notifiable disease in england and wales, but many cases undoubtedly go unreported. Aseptic meningitis refers to meningitis that is caused by anything other than the bacteria that typically cause meningitis. It can be caused by viruses, parasites, fungi, and bacteria.
Viral meningitis is caused due to the inflammation of the delicate membranes that protect the meninges. Feb 03, 2020 viral meningitis is caused by viruses found in saliva, blood, nose drainage, and bowel movements. Viral meningitis is a virusborne inflammation of the meninges, which are the. Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis requires hospitalization and supportive treatment based on severity. Viral meningitis brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders. People with meningitis caused by certain viruses such as herpesvirus and influenza may benefit from treatment. For clinical guidelines, we accessed the websites of the uk health protection. Doctors diagnose pam using specific laboratory tests that are only available in a few u. Acute meningitis is a medical emergency with a potential for high morbidity and mortality.
Enteroviruses are present in mucus, saliva, and feces and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or an infected object or surface. A diagnosis of viral encephalitis could be a challenge to the clinician, since almost 70% of viral encephalitis cases are left without an etiologic agent identified. A delay of only 3 hours in treatment of bacterial men ingitis has been. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology in children and viral meningitis. Viral meningitis is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. Other significant causes of viral meningitis are illustrated in table 1. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The virus is spread from an infected person to another by coughing, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. Terminology meningitis meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, manifest by cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis ie, an increased number of white blood cells. May 30, 2018 meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Viral meningitis is a notifiable disease in england and wales, but many cases undoubtedly go unreported.
Its typically mild and goes away without treatment. There is no consistent longterm effect after the viral meningitis. Meningitis caused by bacteria is the most likely form of the disease to cause serious, longterm complications. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. This means that there is no specific cure for the infection and that patients are only administered medications that take care and reduce intensity of symptoms and signs of the inflammation. The first step in treating viral meningitis is preventing its occurrence and spread. Jul 17, 2018 treatment for viral meningitis is mostly supportive. Viral meningitis is most common and the least serious. There is no specific treatment for viral meningitis.
The recovery time for viral meningitis depends on the. Apr 18, 2014 viral meningitis, a type of aseptic meningitis, is the most common form. Geography is a major determinant of encephalitis caused by vectorborne pathogens. Viral meningitis is more common, less serious, and usually causes fewer longlasting problems than the bacterial form. Finland, the annual incidence of presumed viral meningitis was 219 per 00 in infants under 1 year and 27. This is normally caused by infection but can also have noninfectious causes. Viral meningitis national library of medicine pubmed health. Viral meningitis in children what you need to know. Goldie on after effects of viral meningitis in adults.
Viral meningitis also called aseptic meningitis is the most common type of infectious meningitis. Viral meningitis viral meningitis is usually much less severe than bacterial meningitis, except in cases where the virus has also caused inflammation of the brain encephalitis as well as meningitis. Viral meningitis boston health care for the homeless. A variety of viruses can cause meningitis, including those that cause gastroenteritis, measles, mumps, chicken pox and herpes.
1419 781 29 994 310 1251 538 1242 1317 399 1149 878 1221 1030 823 999 1042 391 472 1275 203 982 978 1466 699 485 1357 652 397 448 485 979 1005 1496 1401 1120 133 1241 935 214 1321 1129 1268 852